Update, 13 November 2026: the count stands at 97. We added three people who died in Brownsville, Texas, on 7 November after the car they were in fled a Border Patrol stop and crashed, the driver, Juan Muñoz, 35, and two passengers who have not been named. The man who died at the Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego on 24 October, whom ICE first named as Roberto Jimenez Gutierrez, is Guillermo Pascual Verganza, 43, from Guatemala, his family has confirmed. On 3 November we added an unborn child who died when a Border Patrol vehicle ran a stop sign and hit a family's car in Starr County, Texas, on 21 September; the driver, who was pregnant, lost the baby. Silverio Villegas González, shot by an ICE officer at a traffic stop in Franklin Park, Illinois, in September 2025, is now counted as killed during an operation rather than as a custody death, though ICE lists him among its detainee deaths.

At least 97 people have died in the custody of U.S. immigration agencies, or been killed by their agents, since 20 January 2025. 70 died in ICE or Border Patrol custody. 27 were killed by an on-duty ICE or CBP agent, or died during one of their operations.

Counting six more people whose deaths followed from enforcement, though not in custody or at an agent's hands, the total is 103. Four died soon after ICE or Border Patrol released or deported them; one took his own life while under ICE supervision; and one, a disabled US citizen, died after ICE detained the father who cared for him. We list them separately at the end.

The only official count, ICE's Detainee Death Reporting list, names 57 of them, and its last entry is dated 23 August. Five people have died in ICE detention since then, Carlos Josué Marchena-Marchena, Julian Curo-Churata, Emiliano Andrade-Covarrubias, Luis Sandoval and Guillermo Pascual Verganza, each announced by ICE in a press release and none yet added to the list, so counting them the official tally reaches 62. The other 35 are not on it at all: 26 people killed by agents or during enforcement operations, 8 people who died in Border Patrol custody, and José Efraín Chajón Raxón, who fell ill a day after he was booked into Delaney Hall and whom ICE logged as released from custody while he lay in hospital. The list's scope is deaths in ICE detention, so the killings and the Border Patrol deaths were never going to appear on it. The Delaney Hall death meets ICE's own rule and is missing anyway, and the five announced deaths show the list running two months behind the deaths ICE itself admits. The 34 have no government record counting them at all.

Every death below has its own page on The ICE List, with the sources behind it. You can download the full list as a spreadsheet (CSV). This is a minimum. We rely on public information and reporting, so we cannot count deaths that ICE or CBP may have kept from the public.

How we counted

A death is counted if the person died in ICE or CBP custody (including Border Patrol and Homeland Security Investigations), or was killed by an on-duty ICE or CBP agent or during one of their operations in the United States, on or after 20 January 2025. There is one exception to this, an individual killed during an operation undertaken by the Coast Guard.

Three cases sit at the edges of our own definition. We have counted them, and we set each one out here because some readers may disagree on whether they qualify as deaths caused by immigration enforcement.

The three deaths in question are: José Efraín Chajón Raxón who fell ill a day after he was booked into Delaney Hall; ICE claims it released him from custody while he was in hospital, and has not said when he died. An unnamed 22-year-old man near Carrizo Springs, Texas, died in the care of Border Patrol agents who had located him after his 911 call. Walter Turner II died in a crash at the end of a chase that Border Patrol agents began.

We built the list from independent records: ICE's own Detainee Death Reporting list, Human Rights Watch's research, CBP's own death notices, and reporting from across the USA, including local outlets.

Before publishing, every death not on ICE's list was audited a number of times, once by an auditor whose sole purpose was to find reasons to take each death off the list, looking for any plausible deniability for their inclusion. That audit removed four deaths from the count; one of them, Walter Francisco Cerrato Cabrera, has since been restored as the exception described above. The other three are listed at the end of this piece.

This count is as of 13 November 2026. If you have information that changes any entry, tell us and we will correct it. All ICE-related inquiries, tips or issues can be sent to icelist@crustnews.com

The 35 deaths missing from ICE's list

All 97 deaths

Download the full list as a spreadsheet (CSV), with each person's details, what happened, and links to the sources.

Recorded, but not counted

These deaths are documented on The ICE List, but fall outside the count as defined above. We list them so that our reasons are open to scrutiny.

• Keith Porter Jr. (31 December 2025). Shot by an off-duty ICE officer at his own apartment complex on New Year's Eve. There was no enforcement operation, and the officer was not acting in an official capacity, so it falls outside the count (deaths in ICE or CBP custody, or killed by an on-duty ICE or CBP agent or during their operation).
• James Douglas McMillan (4 March 2026). Killed after running a Border Patrol checkpoint and firing at pursuing officers and civilian vehicles. The count excludes deaths where the person who died was the shooter.

Deaths that followed from enforcement, counted in the wider total of 103:

• Nurul Amin Shah Alam (24 February 2026). Border Patrol released the nearly blind Rohingya refugee, who spoke no English, at a closed coffee shop in Buffalo in near-freezing weather without telling his family. He was found dead five days later. His page.
• Daphy Michel (around 2 March 2026). ICE released her in Pittsburgh with an ankle monitor, inadequate clothing and untreated severe mental illness, about 25 miles from home. She was found dead at a bus shelter; the medical examiner ruled the hypothermia death a homicide. Her page.
• Prisciliano Trejo Ricano (24 July 2026). Held for weeks at Stewart Detention Center in Georgia, he was released by ICE while in a coma and died of acute leukemia days later. His page.
• Randal Alberto Gamboa-Esquivel (around 25 October 2025). Deported to Costa Rica by air ambulance in a vegetative state after about ten months in ICE custody; Costa Rican doctors reported brain damage and possible overmedication. He died weeks later. His page.
• Pierre Damas Bel (31 August 2026). A 20-year-old Wright State University student from Haiti, fitted with an ICE ankle monitor after Haitians lost Temporary Protected Status, died in an apparent suicide on Interstate 70 in Ohio. His family says the monitor left him humiliated. CNN.
• Wael Tarabishi (23 January 2026). A 30-year-old US citizen in Arlington, Texas, bedridden with Pompe disease. ICE detained his father, Maher, his full-time caregiver, on 28 October 2025, and Wael died of sepsis and pneumonia three months later while his father was still held. His page.

The ICE List also records deaths that followed from enforcement without a custody or operational link, such as people who died after deportation. Those are kept in a separate record and are not part of this count.